Stoptober takes place every October in the UK. Launched in 2012, the campaign encourages smokers to quit for 28 days. The theme for 2024 is ‘When you stop smoking, good things start to happen’. Bedfont® Scientific Ltd., world leaders in breath analysis, hosted a discussion with Smokerlyzer® Medical Advisory Board Members Dr Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin and Dr Anne Yee. The panel explored the impact Stoptober has on people’s quit smoking attempts as well as, the efforts made in their native Malaysia in regards to smoking cessation.

Dr Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin is an Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Consultant Psychiatrist at the University of Malaya. He is also an Adjunct Professor in Public Health at the Universitas Airlanggar, Surabaya in Indonesia. Additionally, he leads the nicotine addiction research group at the University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences (UMCAS) -NARCC and his research work is primarily on tobacco control and mainly assisting in helping people to quit smoking.

Dr Anne Yee is an Associate Professor at Monash University Malaysia and an Adjunct Professor at UMCAS, University Malaya. Her research is focused on nicotine addiction. She is also currently a Technical and Expert Advisor to the Malaysia Ministry of Health in the development and implementation of the National Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tobacco Use Disorder, mQuit Service Project, Technical Working Group on Evidence-based Smoking Cessation and free tobacco policy at her university.

The discussion covered some interesting subjects around smoking cessation, including Stoptober, smoking cessation efforts in Malaysia, the increasing prevalence of vaping and the role carbon monoxide (CO) devices play in helping individuals quit smoking.

What is Stoptober?

Stoptober is now in its 14th year; this month-long UK public health campaign encourages smokers to quit for 28 days. Research has shown that if you stop smoking for 28 days, you are 5 times more likely to quit for good1. This campaign is designed to make quitting smoking more achievable by providing structured support during October, with the ultimate goal of improving public health.

How have marketing regulations around smoking-related products influenced smoking habits and cessation efforts?

Ultimately, we want people to attempt to quit smoking and the environment around those people to support that attempt. This can be done by:

  • Giving people the opportunity to quit,
  • Advertise and encourage people to quit,
  • Provide people with stop smoking aids

With the resources available, individuals can quit smoking. However, the environment must be pro-quitting. This can be achieved through policies such as no-smoking areas and de-normalising smoking behaviour. This will help people attempting to quit, feel safe to quit and maintain a no-smoking status. This is where Stoptober is a great initiative, promoting smoking cessation and bringing everyone together in their attempt.

The impetus of Stoptober has helped assist people to stop smoking and there are a variety of initiatives within the campaign that are quite useful. Quit smoking aids have been made highly accessible and it has driven healthcare providers to have the materials available to assist people’s quit attempts.

It is estimated that every Stoptober, around 300 – 400 thousand people in the UK attempt to quit smoking2. The campaign creates a sense of community, promoting quitting together with a clear structure of 28 days. These points are what make Stoptober so successful.

Are there any behavioural or psychological mechanisms during Stoptober that increase the chance of stopping smoking for good?

During October, as individuals are driven to quit, they are provided with every opportunity to quit. The digital health programme by the University College London (UCL) empowers those who want to quit on their own to do so, but providing a digital app, means those people are not actually on their own. Those who prefer face-to-face interaction have access to stop-smoking clinics across the country.

Stoptober is supported by the government, which drives an actionable campaign for those who want to quit and quit together in masses. This is where the communal effort is helpful, support from others going through the same experience can help.

A good example of communal effort is Ramadan, Ramadan is an Islamic holy month where Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. As Muslims are required to abstain from smoking during fasting hours, this provides the perfect opportunity for Muslims to quit smoking indefinitely and can act as a natural starting point to quit smoking.

Government-led initiatives should not just be one-offs, there should be regular or continuous efforts. People’s motivation to quit smoking should not just be 1 month of the year, in May we have World No Tobacco Day, which then leads to Stoptober and then leads to the New Year when smokers are inspired to make a change and attempt to quit again if they previously were unsuccessful. Eventually, if the cycle continues, people will be more likely to quit for good.

What is happening in Malaysia concerning smoking cessation efforts?

Coincidentally, Malaysia’s Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Act 2024 officially came into effect in October. This act has stricter regulations on packaging, advertising of smoking and vaping products and public smoking bans.

Malaysia is on track to provide a pro quitting environment and these regulations will help maintain that. This is the first bill of its kind to come into effect and specifically targets the use of e-cigarettes such as vapes among minors; preventing the sale of tobacco and e-cigarettes to minors.

There is a difference between Malaysia and the UK concerning vapes, in the UK, vapes are used to aid smoking cessation. However, in Malaysia, it has been made increasingly more difficult to obtain these devices.

The UK has a goal to be smoke-free by 2030, are there any similar targets in Malaysia?

Malaysia’s goal is to be smoke-free by 2040, reduced from the 2045 date originally set. This allows Malaysia 15 years to plan and strategize how they aim to meet this goal.

Does Malaysia face any unique challenges in comparison to other countries, about reducing smoking rates?

If this question had been asked this time last year, the biggest challenge would have been that Malaysia did not have a Tobacco Control Act, but thankfully this was enforced in October 2024.

There are some unique challenges faced in Malaysia compared to other countries, this is due to the difference in policies. In light of the recent act that has just come into force, the use of electronic cigarettes is now going to be heavily regulated. Although Malaysia has not banned the use of e-cigarettes like some neighbouring countries, the stricter regulations present a challenging position within the region regarding this issue. Hopefully, with the new act in force, things will become a little easier concerning tobacco control.

Whilst there are some unique challenges, Malaysia faces the same barriers as many other countries in reducing smoking prevalence. Smoking rates are higher among individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds compared to those from wealthy backgrounds3. There is a link between poverty stress and smoking, making it more difficult for this group to quit, especially as they lack access to smoking cessation clinics, support and resources.

Higher rates of smoking are found among certain populations in Malaysia such as:

  • People with mental health conditions,
  • The homeless,
  • People in prison,
  • People who use illicit drugs.

Higher rates of smoking are also found across different regions in Malaysia and this is likely to be down to the difference in funding and resources available in those locations. In rural areas, even if someone wanted to give up smoking, they would find it hard, due to the lack of help in those areas.

The biggest concern currently in Malaysia is the rise of vaping among young people. In 2011, the prevalence of vaping in young people was around 0.8%, rising to 5.8% in 20234. Resources are now being used to encourage this group of people to quit smoking and vaping.

What role do CO monitoring devices play in helping individuals quit smoking and how effective are they as a motivational tool?

CO devices play an important role in smoking cessation programmes as they offer immediate and tangible feedback to smokers on their CO levels. It is also a key indicator of how smoking impacts the body, providing real-time feedback on the immediate effects of their smoking behaviour. It also shows the results of their daily, weekly and monthly efforts to give up smoking by showing the reduction in CO levels.

Research has shown that those who used a CO device during their quit attempt have higher success rates than those who did not5.

We live in a digital world and these devices have the opportunity to integrate with digital health forms, allowing smokers to monitor their progress over time. The Bedfont® iCOquit® Smokerlyzer® does just that.

Part of the Smokerlyzer® range, the iCOquit® is a personal Bluetooth® CO device that connects to an app and allows users to measure their CO levels remotely whilst quitting smoking. This then allows for the results to be shared with smoking cessation advisors.

People are now moving towards taking control of their health, leading to healthier lifestyles and this is where the iCOquit® can help. Empowering people to take ownership of their health and do something about it, allowing people to quit smoking on their terms, by themselves to a certain extent. To find out more about the iCOquit® and the Smokerlyzer® range, click here.

Malaysia has developed a digital health tool ‘GEMPAQ’ (Getting Every Smoker to Participate and Quit). The app offers smokers a convenient and accessible platform to receive tailored support to help them quit smoking. If this app could be integrated with the Smokerlyzer® devices, it would be a big help to those who want to quit smoking.

In summary, CO devices like the Smokerlyzer® range help to maintain that motivation to keep up with a person’s quit attempt and help them to maintain a no-smoking status. Immediate biofeedback is particularly helpful for some smokers, allowing them to see their quit attempt manifesting positively through the reduction of CO in their respiratory system, which correlates with the improvement of their overall health.

What advice can be given to someone who relapses after Stoptober?

Evidence suggests that the more times you attempt to quit, the more likely it is you will succeed. Stoptober is a great opportunity to re-attempt to quit if a previous attempt has failed earlier in the year.

Both Dr Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin and Dr Anne Yee say “You learn something from each quit attempt, making you stronger to face the next attempt. Each time you gain knowledge and can expand the support network, giving you a better chance of succeeding.”

The discussion covered some very important and interesting topics. To watch the full discussion, see below:

If you enjoyed our expert discussion on Stoptober, be sure to watch our previous discussion on World No Tobacco Day, featuring Dr Amer, Dr Anne and external guest speaker Professor Christopher Bullen.

References

  1. Gov.uk. Department of Health and Social Care, NHS England and Neil O’Brien MP. [cited on 22/8/24] Available from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/95-of-ex-smokers-see-positive-changes-soon-after-quitting#:~:text=Stoptober%20is%20based%20on%20evidence,likely%20to%20quit%20for%20good.

2. ucl.ac.uk. UCL. [cited on 17/10/24] Available from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/impact/case-studies/2022/apr/ucl-research-informs-stoptober-helping-thousands-quit-smoking

3. BMC Public Health. Hock Kuang lim, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Cheong Chee Kee, Kuay Kuang Lim, Ying Ying Chan, Huey Chien The, Ahmad Faudzi Mohd Yusoff, Gurpreet Kaur, Zarinah Mohd Zain, Mohamad Haniki Niki Mohamad & Sallehuddin Salleh. [cited on 16/10/24] Available from https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-8

4. nst.com.my. Hana Naz Harun, Fuad Nizam. [cited on 16/10/24] Available from https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2024/05/1051419/600-pct-increase-e-cigarette-users-2023-2011-updated

5. pcrs-uk.org. Noel Baxter. [cited on 16/10/24] Available from https://www.pcrs-uk.org/sites/default/files/CarbonMonoxideTesting.pdf

Bedfont® Scientific Limited hosted an informative webinar Children with Asthma, with seasoned respiratory nurse Carol Stonham MBE leading the discussion along with Kirsty at Medway Asthma Self-Help (MASH). The webinar was a private screening for local Medway football coaches and gave valuable insights on managing, treating and recognising an asthma emergency.

Carol Stonham MBE, has been a registered nurse since 1986, transitioning from acute hospital settings to primary care by 1990. She serves at the Gloucestershire ICB and leads the Respiratory Clinical Programme Group, as well as co-leading the NHSE South West Respiratory Network, Carol is also a member of the Bedfont® Medical Advisory Board.

MASH is a local charity who have been helping the people of Medway since 1996 with information and support for people with asthma. MASH works with GPs, hospital and Asthma UK to raise awareness and knowledge of asthma for the people of Medway.

Children spend a lot of time away from home, whether it is at school, nursery or clubs, therefore, it is important that when they are away from home, they are safe. If a child has asthma, the responsible adults around them need to know what to do in the case of an asthma emergency.

The webinar covers some important topics:

  • What asthma is,
  • When and how to use an inhaler,
  • What to do in an asthma emergency.

How common is asthma?

Asthma is a common respiratory condition that affects around 5.4 million people in the UK1, with 1.1 million of them being children2. Asthma is the most common long-term condition among children and young people and the UK has among the highest mortality rates in Europe. It is thought that emergency admissions and deaths related to asthma are largely preventable, with these statistics being linked with deprivation2.

It is encouraging to see a small reduction in deaths among children and young people as a result of asthma between 2008-20183, however, even though the figures are low, they are still too elevated for a condition that should be manageable, making the deaths preventable.

Unfortunately, the trend seems to be rising among 15 – 24 year olds3. A report in 2019 found that out of 19 countries, young people are more likely to die from asthma in the UK, compared to those in other wealthy countries4. This is not good enough and we should be doing better than that.

What is asthma?

According to the British Thoracic Society (BTS) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) guidelines, asthma is the presence of more than 1 of the following symptoms:

  • Wheeze,
  • Breathlessness,
  • Chest tightness,
  • Cough.

It is a combination of variable symptoms, and you may find that over weeks or months, you experience a difference in symptoms. The underlying problem is the airways, the airways can either have hyperresponsiveness, which is an increased sensitivity of the airways or inflammation.

What symptoms do asthma sufferers typically suffer from?

The most common symptoms of asthma are:

  • Cough,
  • Wheeze,
  • Shortness of breath,
  • Exercise limitation,
  • Duration of symptoms,
  • Triggers.

Hopefully, no one suffers from all of the above, but symptoms are variable and can come and go over a period of time. Quite often the person knows what sets their symptoms off.

How does asthma affect the lungs?

Asthma causes an inflammation of the mucous membrane, which can lead to swelling into the airspace, increase in mucous production, twitch airways and bronchospasms.

How do we measure asthma?

There are a few ways asthma can be measured/monitored. First would be a peak expiratory flow meter, this is a simple test where you have a device with a scale. First, you would make sure the slide on the scale is on 0, you would then take a deep breath in and provide a short, sharp blow into the meter.

Another way is spirometry, which is a more advanced look at how the air moves in and out of the chest. It measures how much air you can move out of your chest and how quickly you can do that, as well as the pattern the air follows as it leaves the chest. This test would be carried out in a clinic.

Finally, there is a Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) test. As standard, we produce small amounts of Nitric Oxide in our breath, but when a patient has inflammation in the chest, the type typically seen in asthma, more Nitric Oxide is produced. A FeNO test, carried out by the NObreath® is suitable for both adults and children, it requires you to take a deep breath in and blow into the device at a steady pace.

Asthma is a serious, long-term condition, and poorly controlled asthma can present physical symptoms. Symptoms in children can include:

  • Shortness of breath,
  • Tight chest,
  • Wheeze.

These symptoms can create further issues in children, as if they feel unwell, they are less likely to take part in physical activity, this then leads them to become deconditioned and at risk of obesity, which can make asthma worse. Poorly controlled asthma can also disturb sleep, which affects concentration, emotions and behaviour.

There are also psychological effects that poorly controlled asthma can have on children. Children, typically like to be like other children and having asthma can make them feel different. They might be embarrassed by their inhaler, meaning they may not use it when needed. They may have experienced an asthma attack in the past and it might make them frightened to do things that could trigger another attack, limiting them to what they can do.

Poorly controlled asthma can also affect education outcomes, as children with asthma may be absent from school for medical appointments or asthma attacks. They might also have reduced concentration due to disturbed sleep or feeling unwell.

How do we treat asthma?

There are around 119 different inhalers available, so there are lots of treatments and options. Our aim is for anyone with asthma to have:

  • No daytime symptoms,
  • No night symptoms,
  • No activity limitations,
  • No need for using a rescue inhaler,
  • No side effects from treatment,
  • Normal lung function.

The main part of treating asthma is treating the underlying inflammation, and if we get that treatment right, the swelling will settle down, the airways will open back up and the patient will find it easier to breathe. However, not all treatment is instant, if a brown-coloured preventer inhaler is used, it must be used for a few days. This allows the medication to settle down the inflammation slowly and once settled it is likely to be needed long-term.

Inhalers are broken down into 2 categories:

Treatment:

  • Treats underlying inflammation,
  • Settles swelling,
  • No instant effect,
  • Long term treatment.

Rescue:

  • Treats twitchy airways,
  • Relieves symptoms quickly,
  • Lasts up to 4 hours,
  • Should only be required occasionally.

If anyone is using a blue rescue inhaler more than 3 times a week, their treatment is not quite right and this would need to be assessed. It is important to know the difference between the treatment inhaler, usually orange and brown in colour and the rescue inhaler which is always blue.

Maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) is also used, this is a combination inhaler. The inhaler contains treatment and rescue medication and is used regularly twice a day if there are symptoms. Extra doses of this inhaler should only be needed occasionally.

It is important to get the inhaler technique right, sadly, many people do not know how to use their inhaler properly and this is partly due to insufficient advice from their healthcare provider. This proves that education is key to enabling patients to take their medication correctly.

Types of inhalers:

  • Pressurised metered dose inhaler,
  • Spacer devices,
  • Breath-actuated meter dose inhaler,
  • Dry powder inhaler.

Knowing the different types and the correct way to use them is important. If you have a metered dose inhaler, the breathing technique should be slow and gentle, if you have a dry powder inhaler, you should breathe in fast and hard. If you use the fast and hard technique with a metered dose inhaler, the medication will hit your throat rather than go into your lungs, likewise with the dry powder inhalers, if you do not breathe in fast and hard, you will not move the powder into the lungs.

Spacers are available, usually for children. They are chambers for metered dose inhalers, to slow the speed of the medication and hold it for a few seconds, allowing more time for the user to breathe in. There are many different sizes of spacers available, depending on the age and capability of the users.

What if my asthma is not that good?

If you have all of the previous steps in place and your treatment is correct, asthma can still flair up. If this happens, there are steps you can take to tackle this.

  • Use treatment inhalers regularly,
  • Make sure you know how to best use your inhaler,
  • Be aware of triggers,
  • Book a review with the asthma nurse,
  • If you need your blue rescue inhaler more than 3 times a week, book an appointment,
  • If you are short of breath and your inhaler is not helping, make an urgent GP appointment for the same day.

What should you do in an asthma attack?

Knowing what to do during an asthma attack can be the difference between life and death, the below graphic from Asthma + Lung UK shows the steps you should take during an attack.

https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/asthma-attacks#:~:text=an%20AIR%20inhaler-,Sit%20up%20%2D%20try%20to%20keep%20calm.,not%20improving%2C%20repeat%20step%202

To ensure the care is right, everyone should have a personalised asthma action plan. Various formats are available, an example from Asthma + Lung UK below is:

Action plan available from https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/manage/your-asthma-action-plan

The green area represents when your asthma is good, this is how it feels when my asthma is good and this is the medication I take to maintain good asthma control.

Amber is when things are starting to get worse, how can I recognise when it is beginning to deteriorate? It gives you steps to follow to improve symptoms and move back into the green.

Red represents an asthma emergency and what to do in this situation.

It is important to recognise when you are in the red and what to do in case this happens, but it is also good to realise when you are in the amber so you can get yourself back on track to green.

Seasonal Variations

here are seasonal variations where we see peaks in asthma admissions, and these can be:

  • Autumn – Back to school,
  • Winter – Winter colds,
  • Spring – Pollen.

The pollen calendar for the UK shows peaks not just in spring but throughout the year

What can trigger asthma?

There are various triggers for asthma, but the most common are:

  • Exercise,
  • Bugs in the home,
  • Chemical fumes,
  • Cold air,
  • Fungus spores,
  • Dust,
  • Smoke,
  • Strong odours,
  • Pollution,
  • Anger,
  • Stress,
  • Pets.

With some lesser-known triggers, such as:

  • Hormones,
  • Damp and mould,
  • Infection,
  • Change in temperature,
  • Thunderstorms,
  • Foods,
  • Alcohol,
  • Drugs,
  • Sex

How can we manage the effect of our triggers?

Sometimes, there is not much that can be done to avoid our triggers, but where possible, you can eliminate or avoid them. You can treat other conditions that trigger your asthma and make sure your asthma is well managed. You can predict the triggers. For example, if hay fever is a trigger, start treating your hay fever early. Lastly, always have your rescue medication to hand.

Parents and carers must understand asthma to understand how the medication works and why it is important. They need to have an asthma action plan, know how to maintain control and know what to do in an emergency. They also need to know what to do if an inhaler has been forgotten.

With asthma still an ongoing serious respiratory condition that kills children every year, this webinar has helped people understand the following:

  • Asthma and the treatment,
  • The goals of the treatment,
  • How and when to use inhalers,
  • Why asthma worsens,
  • What to do in an emergency.

To watch the full webinar and gain in-depth insights, click here.

References

  1. Asthma + Lung UK. [cited on 8/10/24] Available from https://www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/conditions/asthma/what-asthma
  2. RCPCH State of Child Health. [cited on 8/10/24] Available from https://stateofchildhealth.rcpch.ac.uk/evidence/long-term-conditions/asthma/
  3. PMC PubMed Central. Wei-Yu Chen, Ching-Wei Lin, Ju Lee, Po-Sung Chen, Hui-Ju Tsai and Jiu-Yao Wang. [cited on 8/10/24] Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8102795/
  4. BBC News. [cited on 8/10/24] Available from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-47292157#:~:text=Young%20people%20in%20the%20UK%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20die,of%2019%20high%2Dincome%20countries.

Bedfont® receives recognition for creating a supportive and inclusive workplace and commitment to mental wellbeing.

 The Kent Mental Wellbeing Awards, an event delivered by Mind in Bexley, are held annually to showcase the people, organisations and initiatives that help us cope with life. Bedfont® was nominated for one of these awards last Summer.

Bedfont® is a local MedTech company, based in Harrietsham, with over 47 years of expertise and knowledge in designing and manufacturing medical breath analysis devices. With mental wellbeing at the heart of Bedfont®, there is a dedicated team of Wellbeing Warriors in force, ensuring a healthy work/life balance for all staff members.

Jason Smith, CEO at Bedfont® comments “At Bedfont®, mental wellbeing is at the core of everything we do. We understand that when our employees feel supported and empowered, they thrive, not just professionally, but personally as well.”

The Wellbeing Warriors work tirelessly around the clock, organising stress-busting activities, external talks on relevant topics, and healthy breakfasts or lunches. All of which are designed to create a supportive and balanced work environment. They are also on hand to listen, offer guidance, and provide practical solutions to anyone struggling.

Bedfont® narrowly missed out on scooping the win but has received the ‘Highly Commended’ status by the Kent Mental Wellbeing Awards, highlighting the hard work and effort by the team by fostering a healthy work/life balance.

Claire Dadswell, Wellbeing Manager says “The wellbeing team are delighted to have been awarded the Highly commended Status for our wellbeing efforts in the workplace. This recognition reflects our commitment to creating a workplace where every individual can thrive, feel supported, and bring their best selves to work each day. Together, we continue to build a culture of care, balance, and wellbeing.”

The Bedfont® Wellbeing Warriors continue to bring employees together, encouraging them to take a break from their desks and join in activities designed to help them switch off from work temporarily, giving their minds a break.

To keep up to date with all the activities and news at Bedfont®, follow their social channels. @bedfontLtd

Bedfont® champions Heart of Kent Hospice auction by winning sponsored sculpture and contributing to the memorial garden.

Bedfont® Scientific Ltd. a local med-tech company with over 47 years of expertise in the design and manufacture of medical breath analysis devices, proudly sponsored a Shaun the Sheep sculpture in this year’s Shaun in the Heart of Kent Art Trail. Organised by Heart of Kent Hospice, the event took place in the summer and saw many Shaun the Sheep sculptures lovingly decorated by local artists and community initiatives. The sculptures were then placed in various locations in and around Maidstone, aiming to raise vital funds for the hospice. The Bedfont® sponsored sculpture ‘Shorn the Return’ was located by the Old Boat Café in Maidstone.

Once the trail finished at the end of August, 60 of the Shaun sculptures went up for auction to raise further funds for Heart of Kent Hospice. The Bedfont team was in attendance, waiting patiently for lot number 33 to come up. The team put in the winning bid for ‘Shorn the Return’ securing his return to the Bedfont offices

One of the sculptures ‘Changing of the season’s’ which was located in Fremlin Walk, was created by Annabelle Hodd with the intention of being brought back to the Heart of Kent Hospice memorial garden. However, as Heart of Kent Hospice is a charity, they were unable to meet the funds to buy it back. Nevertheless, 11 companies, including Bedfont®, donated and it is now happily heading to the Heart of Kent Hospice memorial garden.

Jason Smith, CEO at Bedfont® comments “We are honoured to have been a part of this wonderful initiative supporting such an important cause. Sponsoring a sculpture in the Shaun in the Heart of Kent trail allowed us to contribute to the community, but having the opportunity to bid and win our sponsored piece was truly special. More importantly, coming together with other local companies to donate a sculpture for the hospice’s memorial garden is a testament to the collective commitment of our community to give back”

Over 250 people attended the auction event and every sculpture was sold, raising a staggering £267,250.00 on the night. The event proved to be a massive success and the vital funds raised will allow Heart of Kent Hospice to continue the much-needed care and support to those at the end of their lives, along with their families and friends.

To find out more about the Bedfont® efforts in supporting Heart of Kent Hospice, follow the social channels @bedfontltd.

Bedfont® Scientific Limited hosted an insightful webinar Mastering Gut Health: Understanding SIBO, Carbohydrate Malabsorption, and Accurate Gastrointestinal Investigation. Gastrointestinal Physiologist and Bedfont® Medical Advisory Board member Melissa Dooley, led the discussion and shared valuable information on various gastrointestinal disorders and the importance of not self-diagnosing.

Melissa Dooley began her career as a Gastrointestinal Physiologist at St. James’s’ Hospital Dublin, and developed a keen interest in Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Melissa is a member of both the Irish Institute of Clinical Measurement Scientists and the British Society of Gastroenterology, as well as the founder and director of Gastrolife Clinic in Ireland.

The webinar covers some important topics:

  • SIBO & dietary malabsorption
  • Finger-prick food intolerance testing. Does it play a supporting role in clinical testing, or is it a costly test without scientific evidence?
  • Food allergies vs food intolerances
  • Home breath testing devices & regulations

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) What is it?

SIBO occurs when there are higher numbers of bacteria in the small intestine. Too much bacteria here can interfere with the digestion and the absorption process. Bacteria, however, can also provide some benefits, such as:

  • Production of micronutrients
  • Aiding metabolism or activation of medicines
  • Biotransformation of bile salts
  • Fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides

Prevention of luminal colonisation by pathogenic microorganisms

What causes SIBO?

One of the most common causes is a dysfunction of the normal intestinal motility. Slow movement through the intestines allows bacteria to grow, causes of this can be:

  • History of food poisoning
  • Diabetes
  • Certain medications
  • Nerve damage

However, in some cases, the cause can be unknown. Melissa continues to discuss the consequences of SIBO, which include the dampening of villi, protein and carbohydrate malabsorption and B12 deficiency to name a few.

How can we test for SIBO?

The ‘Gold standard’ of SIBO diagnosis, culturing jejunal aspirate, is limited because many bacteria species do not grow in routine culture media, not to mention how invasive and costly this procedure is. The hydrogen breath test was developed due to difficulty accessing the small intestine and is used to detect SIBO and dietary malabsorption.

How can breath samples tell me what is happening in my intestines?

During metabolism, all cells produce carbon dioxide, however, only bacteria produce hydrogen and methane as metabolic by-products. These gases pass through the walls of the intestine into the blood. Once the blood reaches the lungs, a gas exchange occurs, allowing these gases to be detected in exhaled breath.

How to take a SIBO or malabsorption test

A hydrogen and methane breath test (HMBT) device is used. The GastroCH4ECK® Gastrolyzer® measures the amount of hydrogen or methane gases in the exhaled breath. Before the start of the breath test, the patient must follow a strict protocol. This includes a restricted diet followed by a fasting period. Not adhering to the protocol can result in an elevated baseline recording or a false positive result.

Before drinking the relevant substrate, a baseline breath sample is taken. The substrate ingested is mixed with 250ml of water and the type of substrate depends on the test being taken. The substrates can be either:

  • Glucose
  • Lactulose
  • Sucrose
  • Sorbitol

Breath samples are then taken at 15-30-minute intervals, depending on the test and can take up to 4 hours depending on the type of test. Treatment can involve antibiotics or dietary changes, depending on the test type and results.

Fructose malabsorption

Fructose malabsorption is a dietary disability of the small intestine. Most people can absorb between 25g-50g of fructose in one sitting, however, in people who suffer from fructose malabsorption, their small intestine fails to absorb fructose properly, resulting in the fructose travelling to the large intestine where it has to be metabolised by the bacteria there. This then increases the hydrogen and methane gases released by the bacteria. Possible causes of fructose malabsorption are:

  • Inherited or acquired abnormality of the fructose-transporting protein
  • Overuse of high fructose corn syrup or fruit juices in children
  • SIBO
  • Celiac disease
  • Chemotherapy or radiation
  • Dumping syndrome

Symptoms of fructose intolerance can include:

  • Bloating
  • Diarrhoea
  • Constipation
  • Flatulence

Unfortunately, there is no known cure, but an appropriate diet would help. Foods that have a high content of glucose will help absorb fructose.

To test for fructose intolerance, the patient would need to ingest 25g of fructose in 250ml of water. Breath samples would then be taken at 30-minute intervals over 3 hours.

Lactose malabsorption

Lactose is normally hydrolysed into glucose and galactose, which is readily absorbed in the jejunum. Lactose needs to be hydrolysed in the small intestine by lactase. If the lactase enzyme is lacking, the lactose will not be completely hydrolysed and result in lactose malabsorption. Symptoms of lactose malabsorption can include:

  • Distension
  • Cramps
  • Flatulence

Lactose malabsorption is the most common intolerance, affecting almost half the world’s population.

Food allergies vs food intolerances

Often people confuse a food intolerance and a food allergy. A food intolerance can be caused by a change of routine, hormones, and eating out. Symptoms can be quite disruptive to someone’s life and lead them to avoid social activities due to the unpredictability of the symptoms. Because of this, many sufferers will turn to the internet for a quick and easy solution.

An intolerance is where the enzymes in the gut responsible for breaking foods down are deficient, defective, or there is an issue with the mechanism that transports the molecules through the small intestine. Symptoms are:

  • Abdominal pain
  • Discomfort
  • Diarrhoea

Common food intolerances are:

  • Lactose
  • Fructose
  • Sucrose
  • Sorbitol

It’s important not to self-diagnose as many conditions can cause similar symptoms to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) & SIBO, but they will have different treatments and management. It’s always important to visit your GP or healthcare professional. A food intolerance can be diagnosed by an elimination diet or a breath test.

There is a significant difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy. A food allergy is a reaction involving the immune system, symptoms can be:

  • Rash
  • Itching
  • Breathing difficulties

If you have a food intolerance you may be able to consume a small amount of the food, however, with an allergy you must avoid these foods as food allergies can be fatal. Food allergies can be tested through skin prick allergy testing or an elimination diet.

Tests currently not recommended by healthcare professionals for food intolerances are finger prick tests and hair analysis tests, as these do not have any supportive scientific evidence.

Breath testing is the recommended method for detecting lactose malabsorption for several reasons. If you proceed with an elimination diet and remove milk, you may still ingest lactose which can be found in many unsuspecting foods such as:

  • Hot dogs
  • Breaded chicken
  • Sweets

So even if the patient attempts to remove lactose from their diet, they can un-intentionally ingest lactose.

Other test methods can include:

  • Endoscopic biopsies (invasive & costly)
  • Blood test (repeated every 30 minutes)
  • Stool acidity test (infants, young children)

Home breath testing devices

Home breath testing devices were more widely optimised due to the COVID-19 pandemic, to prevent waiting list delays and people felt safer taking the tests at home. There are several benefits of home testing kits, such as:

  • Living far from the clinic and difficulty getting there
  • Difficulty getting time off work
  • Childcare issues
  • Difficulties leaving the house with symptoms

However, the limitation of a home test could be that the patient doesn’t collect their samples correctly, resulting in the test having to be retaken. Therefore, patients must be provided with very clear and precise instructions to follow.

There are many home testing devices available now, but using one of these devices without the advice or guidance of a healthcare professional could result in self-interpretation, misdiagnosis, and incorrect preparation, leading to unnecessary avoidance of important food groups.

Home testing devices must be sourced from a reputable healthcare professional, who can discuss the results or provide a report for the treating medical professional. This will ensure an appropriate follow-up is conducted to make sure the patient doesn’t end up with a nutritional deficiency due to self-diagnosis.

There are many factors involved in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal conditions. Melissa has highlighted these conditions and discussed the importance of not self-diagnosing, watch the full webinar now:

Bedfont® named regional winner of the prestigious British Chamber of Commerce Digital Revolution Award.

The British Chamber of Commerce is a network of accredited Chambers of Commerce across the UK and overseas. Representing businesses of all sizes and sectors, the Chamber Business Awards is an annual event that celebrates and recognises the success and contributions of businesses throughout the UK. Bedfont® was nominated for the 2024 Chamber Business Awards by the Kent Invicta Chamber of Commerce.

Bedfont® is an innovative Medtech company, with over 47 years of expertise in designing and manufacturing of medical breath analysis devices. Over the years, Bedfont® has been investing in innovation and has continued to revolutionise the breath analysis market.

In September, Bedfont® was shortlisted in the Digital Revolution Category and was proudly announced as the winner by an independent panel at the British Chambers of Commerce.

Jason Smith, CEO of Bedfont® said “We are truly honoured to be recognised as Business of the Year by the British Chambers of Commerce. This achievement is a testament to the hard work, dedication, and passion of our entire team. It reflects our commitment to innovation, excellence, and customer service. I am incredibly proud of what we have achieved together, and this award motivates us to continue pushing boundaries, growing, and contributing positively to our industry. Thank you to the Chamber and everyone who has supported us on our journey.”

Winning Business of the Year is a significant milestone for Bedfont®. This award not only highlights the commitment to excellence and innovation but also fuels our drive to continue delivering outstanding service to our customers and providing cutting-edge technology to the breath analysis market.

To find out more about Bedfont® and how their breath analysis devices are improving patient care, click here.